Variations in a Few Macronutrient Elements Depending on the Period in Black Pine (Pinus nigra Arnold.) Wood

Nutrient elements are essential for plant growth and development. Magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), and sulfur (S), which are macronutrient elements for plants, are necessary for plant development. These nutrient elements are also critical heavy metals, and monitoring the variation in their concentration in the airborne environment is crucial for human and environmental health. In this study, the annual rings of the black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold.) tree, which was cut in 2023 and determined to be 356 years old via annual rings, were grouped by 10 years. Then, Mg, Ca, K, and S were analyzed to determine the variations within the last 356 years. The study also determined the relationship of these elements with each other and the wood’s age. The results show that the displacement of Mg, Ca, and K elements in Pinus nigra Arnold. wood is limited. Therefore, black pine is a proper biomonitor that can be used to observe the variations of these elements’ concentrations in the atmosphere. However, it has been determined that S can be displaced within the wood. As a result of the correlation analysis, it was determined that all elements, except Mg and S, had a statistically significant and positive correlation with each other, and S had a negative relationship with the wood age.

Cite this article as: Ko., İ., Çobanoğlu, H., Erdem, R., & Şevik, H. (2026). Variations in a few macronutrient elements depending on the period in black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold.) wood. Forestist, 76, 0037, doi: 10.5152/ forestist.2026.24037.