Watershed management, often thought of as a 20 th century development, is rooted in the history of human civilization. This concept has been an integral part of forest and ran ge management in the U.S.A. throughout the 20 th century. At the beginning of the century, water shed management was for water supply and flood prevention. By mid - century. the interpretation of watershed management had broadened to encompass recreation. range, wildlife, and fısh purposes. In the last guarter of the 20'h century, legistation and concepts Iike ecosystem management have further broadened the goals of watershed management beyond that of water supply production and flood prevention. The 2 I sı century is obviously going to be an era for rcalization of international projects for comprehensive river basin developments. Watershed management can play an important role under the present increasing population pressures and the public demand for greater productivity and multiple use of forest and related Iands.